##ifconfig
查IP
[root@node-lvs-master vimrc]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:8C:65:5C
inet addr:192.168.1.100 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 分别是IP地址 广播号 子网掩码
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:655c/64 Scope:Link ##IPV6的地址
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 MTU值,度量值
RX packets:4442 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 ##数据包收发状态
TX packets:3023 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:477890 (466.6 KiB) TX bytes:778624 (760.3 KiB) ##数据包收发总量
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:26:3F:BF
inet addr:10.2.100.128 Bcast:10.2.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fe26:3fbf/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:18456 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:9730 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:27076657 (25.8 MiB) TX bytes:587726 (573.9 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback ##回环地址
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
telnet
[root@node-lvs-master vimrc]# yum -y install telnet
测试端口通与不同
[root@node-lvs-master vimrc]# telnet 121.42.148.64 443
Trying 121.42.148.64...
Connected to 121.42.148.64.
Escape character is '^]'.
^C^Z^CConnection closed by foreign host.
[root@node-lvs-master vimrc]# ^C
[root@node-lvs-master vimrc]# telnet 121.42.148.64 445
Trying 121.42.148.64...
telnet: connect to address 121.42.148.64: Connection refused
netstat
描述:打印网络连接 路由表 网络接口的统计信息
参数
-s 显示各种协议数据统计信息
-n 把IP\端口\用户的ID、替换为主机 协议 用户名等信息
-p 显示进程名称和进程号
-l 仅仅显示正在监听的sockets接口信息
-u udp
-t tcp
[root@node-lvs-master vimrc]# netstat -nutlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:65422 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1319/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1398/master
tcp 0 0 :::65422 :::* LISTEN 1319/sshd
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1398/master
Recv-Q 接收
Send-Q 发送
[root@node-lvs-master vimrc]# netstat -s
Ip:
22984 total packets received
0 forwarded
0 incoming packets discarded
22975 incoming packets delivered
12881 requests sent out
Icmp:
0 ICMP messages received
0 input ICMP message failed.
ICMP input histogram:
0 ICMP messages sent
0 ICMP messages failed
ICMP output histogram:
Tcp:
8 active connections openings
1 passive connection openings
1 failed connection attempts
1 connection resets received
1 connections established
22488 segments received
12846 segments send out
1 segments retransmited
0 bad segments received.
9 resets sent
Udp:
34 packets received
0 packets to unknown port received.
0 packet receive errors
34 packets sent
UdpLite:
TcpExt:
6 TCP sockets finished time wait in fast timer
68 delayed acks sent
19048 packets header predicted
1211 acknowledgments not containing data received
968 predicted acknowledgments
0 TCP data loss events
1 other TCP timeouts
IpExt:
InNoRoutes: 9
InBcastPkts: 453
InOctets: 27316909
OutOctets: 1160990
ss
和netstat差不多
[root@node-lvs-master vimrc]# ss -anut
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::65422 :::*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:65422 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
tcp LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
tcp ESTAB 0 96 192.168.1.100:65422 192.168.1.241:64743
route
路由相关设置和查看
[root@node-lvs-master vimrc]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.2.100.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0
link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1003 0 0 eth1
default 10.2.100.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1
网卡设置
1.编辑配置文件
[root@node-lvs-master vimrc]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=82fc9357-d760-4986-8e1d-c7aef84dd2dd
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
HWADDR=00:0C:29:8C:65:5C
IPADDR=192.168.1.100
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DNS1=192.168.1.1
DNS2= 114.114.114.114
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
NAME="System eth0"
2.dns的修改
[fangwenjun@CTN-QD-247 ~]$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
options timeout:1 attempts:1 rotate
nameserver 223.5.5.5
nameserver 223.6.6.6
traceroute
查看路由转发的路由表信息,默认使用UDP协议 -I 可以用icmp发送
[root@node-lvs-master ~]# traceroute ip
dig
host nslookup 等需要安装,默认最小化安装操作系统没有
安装
yum install bind-utilsyum install bind-utils
2.使用
[root@node-lvs-master ~]# dig awen.me
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6_8.3 <<>> awen.me
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 61333
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;awen.me. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
awen.me. 600 IN CNAME fangwenjun.b0.aicdn.com.
fangwenjun.b0.aicdn.com. 1497 IN CNAME ctn.b9.aicdn.com.
ctn.b9.aicdn.com. 60 IN A 183.158.35.58
ctn.b9.aicdn.com. 60 IN A 183.158.35.57
ctn.b9.aicdn.com. 60 IN A 183.158.35.59
ctn.b9.aicdn.com. 60 IN A 183.158.35.60
;; Query time: 30 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1)
;; WHEN: Sat Jan 7 10:42:31 2017
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 147
2.@可以跟dns,可以判断解析是否生效
[root@node-lvs-master ~]# dig awen.me @8.8.8.8
3.查看邮件解析
[root@node-lvs-master ~]# dig fangwenjun.com MX
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6_8.3 <<>> fangwenjun.com MX
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 36288
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;fangwenjun.com. IN MX
;; ANSWER SECTION:
fangwenjun.com. 600 IN MX 10 mxdomain.qq.com.
;; Query time: 30 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1)
;; WHEN: Sat Jan 7 10:45:24 2017
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 60
##常用术语
- 记录类型
A记录:
将域名指向一个IPv4地址(例如:10.10.10.10),需要增加A记录
CNAME记录:
如果将域名指向一个域名,实现与被指向域名相同的访问效果,需要增加CNAME记录
MX记录:
建立电子邮箱服务,将指向邮件服务器地址,需要设置MX记录
NS记录:
域名解析服务器记录,如果要将子域名指定某个域名服务器来解析,需要设置NS记录
TXT记录:
可任意填写(可为空),通常用做SPF记录(反垃圾邮件)使用
AAAA记录:
将主机名(或域名)指向一个IPv6地址(例如:ff03:0:0:0:0:0:0:c1),需要添加AAAA记录
SRV记录:
记录了哪台计算机提供了哪个服务。格式为:服务的名字.协议的类型(例如:_example-server._tcp)
22.主机记录
www :
将域名解析为www.example.com,填写www;
@ :
将域名解析为example.com(不带www),填写@或者不填写;
mail :
将域名解析为mail.example.com,通常用于解析邮箱服务器;
- :
泛解析,所有子域名均被解析到统一地址(除单独设置的子域名解析);
二级域名 :
如:mail.example.com或abc.example.com,填写mail或abc;
手机网站 :
如:m.example.com,填写m。
mtr
MTR是Linux平台上一款非常好用的网络诊断工具,集成了traceroute、ping、nslookup的功能,用于诊断网络状态非常有用。下面请看简单介绍
安装
[root@node-lvs-master ~]# yum -y install mtr
使用
第一列(Host):IP地址和域名,按n键可以切换IP和域名
第二列(Loss%):丢包率
第三列(Snt):设置每秒发送数据包的数量,默认值是10 可以通过参数-c来指定
第四列(Last):最近一次的PING值
第五、六、七列(Avg、Best、Wrst):分别是PING的平均、最好、最差值
第八列(StDev):标准偏差
[root@CTN-QD-247 fangwenjun]# mtr www.upyun.com
My traceroute [v0.75]
CTN-QD-247 (0.0.0.0) Sat Jan 7 11:48:30 2017
Keys: Help Display mode Restart statistics Order of fields quit
Packets Pings
Host Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
1. 121.42.139.248 0.0% 36 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.1
2. ???
3. 10.108.72.74 0.0% 35 73.0 95.2 0.6 146.9 38.4
4. 106.11.130.214 0.0% 35 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.1 0.2
5. 42.120.244.77 0.0% 35 11.6 1.8 0.5 13.8 3.0
6. 27.221.85.245 0.0% 35 682.2 826.9 608.6 1398. 152.3
7. 27.221.94.145 0.0% 35 8.5 9.0 5.6 12.7 2.1
8. 219.158.107.242 0.0% 35 23.3 22.4 20.5 24.4 1.3
9. 124.160.82.130 0.0% 35 20.5 23.1 20.5 50.4 6.9
10. 124.160.82.198 0.0% 35 24.5 24.5 24.4 24.6 0.0
11. ???